diff --git a/aster-core/src/vm/compiler.rs b/aster-core/src/vm/compiler.rs
index cbf26e4..8b83213 100644
--- a/aster-core/src/vm/compiler.rs
+++ b/aster-core/src/vm/compiler.rs
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ struct Local {
     name: String,
     depth: u8,       // scope depth where declared; 0 = uninitialized
     is_captured: bool,
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
     is_const: bool,
 }
 
@@ -88,10 +89,8 @@ struct Upvalue {
 }
 
 struct LoopContext {
-    start_ip: usize,             // bytecode offset of loop condition
-    break_patches: Vec<usize>,   // jump instruction offsets that need break dest
-    continue_patches: Vec<usize>,// jump instruction offsets that need continue dest
-    scope_depth: u8,             // scope depth when loop started
+    break_patches: Vec<usize>,
+    continue_patches: Vec<usize>,
 }
 
 pub struct Compiler {
@@ -241,10 +240,8 @@ impl Compiler {
         let exit_jump = self.emit_jump(OpCode::JumpIfFalse);
 
         self.loop_stack.push(LoopContext {
-            start_ip,
             break_patches: Vec::new(),
             continue_patches: Vec::new(),
-            scope_depth: self.scope_depth,
         });
 
         self.compile_stmt(body)?;
@@ -279,10 +276,8 @@ impl Compiler {
         let exit_jump = self.emit_jump(OpCode::JumpIfFalse);
 
         self.loop_stack.push(LoopContext {
-            start_ip,
             break_patches: Vec::new(),
             continue_patches: Vec::new(),
-            scope_depth: self.scope_depth,
         });
 
         self.compile_stmt(body)?;
@@ -355,10 +350,8 @@ impl Compiler {
 
         // 7. Loop body (can resolve var_name to loop_var_slot)
         self.loop_stack.push(LoopContext {
-            start_ip: forin_loc,
             break_patches: Vec::new(),
             continue_patches: Vec::new(),
-            scope_depth: self.scope_depth,
         });
 
         self.compile_stmt(body)?;
@@ -993,9 +986,3 @@ fn assign_op_to_compound(op: &AssignOp) -> CompoundOp {
         AssignOp::Equal => unreachable!(),
     }
 }
-
-fn emit_i16_placeholder(code: &mut Vec<u8>, op: OpCode) -> usize {
-    let loc = code.len();
-    emit_i16(code, op, 0x7FFF);
-    loc
-}
diff --git a/aster-core/src/vm/vm.rs b/aster-core/src/vm/vm.rs
index 91a4516..690df32 100644
--- a/aster-core/src/vm/vm.rs
+++ b/aster-core/src/vm/vm.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ pub struct Vm {
     pub stack: Vec<Value>,
 
     /// Call frames
-    pub frames: Vec<CallFrame>,
+    frames: Vec<CallFrame>,
 
     /// Script-level globals (top-level let bindings)
     pub globals: Rc<RefCell<HashMap<String, Value>>>,
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ pub struct Vm {
     pub current_dir: String,
 
     /// Open upvalues (tracked so closures share the same upvalue object)
-    pub open_upvalues: Vec<Rc<RefCell<UpvalueObj>>>,
+    open_upvalues: Vec<Rc<RefCell<UpvalueObj>>>,
 
     /// VM-compiled closures: maps Function Rc pointer → Closure data
     closures: RefCell<HashMap<*const crate::interpreter::Function, Rc<Closure>>>,
@@ -602,10 +602,6 @@ impl Vm {
     // IP management
     // ========================================================================
 
-    fn frame(&self) -> &CallFrame {
-        self.frames.last().unwrap()
-    }
-
     fn frame_mut(&mut self) -> &mut CallFrame {
         self.frames.last_mut().unwrap()
     }
@@ -917,13 +913,6 @@ impl Vm {
         }
     }
 
-    fn get_constant(&self, idx: usize) -> Result<Value, RuntimeError> {
-        let frame = self.frames.last().unwrap();
-        frame.closure.proto.constants.get(idx).cloned().ok_or_else(|| RuntimeError::RuntimeError {
-            message: format!("Constant index {} out of bounds", idx),
-            token: None,
-        })
-    }
 
     // ========================================================================
     // Upvalues